1 00:00:04,819 --> 00:00:07,550 of all the mysteries that scientists 2 00:00:07,550 --> 00:00:07,560 of all the mysteries that scientists 3 00:00:07,560 --> 00:00:09,860 of all the mysteries that scientists investigate the greatest riddle is life 4 00:00:09,860 --> 00:00:09,870 investigate the greatest riddle is life 5 00:00:09,870 --> 00:00:12,440 investigate the greatest riddle is life itself what caused a planet like Earth 6 00:00:12,440 --> 00:00:12,450 itself what caused a planet like Earth 7 00:00:12,450 --> 00:00:15,650 itself what caused a planet like Earth to form around our Sun what sparked 8 00:00:15,650 --> 00:00:15,660 to form around our Sun what sparked 9 00:00:15,660 --> 00:00:18,260 to form around our Sun what sparked chemicals to burst forth into life to 10 00:00:18,260 --> 00:00:18,270 chemicals to burst forth into life to 11 00:00:18,270 --> 00:00:19,580 chemicals to burst forth into life to help answer these questions 12 00:00:19,580 --> 00:00:19,590 help answer these questions 13 00:00:19,590 --> 00:00:21,830 help answer these questions astronomers are studying celestial 14 00:00:21,830 --> 00:00:21,840 astronomers are studying celestial 15 00:00:21,840 --> 00:00:24,140 astronomers are studying celestial fossils from the solar system's earliest 16 00:00:24,140 --> 00:00:24,150 fossils from the solar system's earliest 17 00:00:24,150 --> 00:00:32,840 fossils from the solar system's earliest times 18 00:00:32,840 --> 00:00:32,850 19 00:00:32,850 --> 00:00:35,490 the planets and the Sun were created 20 00:00:35,490 --> 00:00:35,500 the planets and the Sun were created 21 00:00:35,500 --> 00:00:37,860 the planets and the Sun were created four and a half billion years ago from a 22 00:00:37,860 --> 00:00:37,870 four and a half billion years ago from a 23 00:00:37,870 --> 00:00:44,090 four and a half billion years ago from a whirling cloud of dust and gas 24 00:00:44,090 --> 00:00:44,100 25 00:00:44,100 --> 00:00:46,709 heat from the young Sun and the pressure 26 00:00:46,709 --> 00:00:46,719 heat from the young Sun and the pressure 27 00:00:46,719 --> 00:00:49,350 heat from the young Sun and the pressure of the solar wind swept clean nearby 28 00:00:49,350 --> 00:00:49,360 of the solar wind swept clean nearby 29 00:00:49,360 --> 00:00:55,779 of the solar wind swept clean nearby planets like the earth 30 00:00:55,779 --> 00:00:55,789 31 00:00:55,789 --> 00:00:58,850 but farther away the cold outer regions 32 00:00:58,850 --> 00:00:58,860 but farther away the cold outer regions 33 00:00:58,860 --> 00:01:01,369 but farther away the cold outer regions preserve giant gas balls like Jupiter 34 00:01:01,369 --> 00:01:01,379 preserve giant gas balls like Jupiter 35 00:01:01,379 --> 00:01:04,399 preserve giant gas balls like Jupiter and Saturn comets were to remain frozen 36 00:01:04,399 --> 00:01:04,409 and Saturn comets were to remain frozen 37 00:01:04,409 --> 00:01:07,310 and Saturn comets were to remain frozen fossils holding secrets of the chemical 38 00:01:07,310 --> 00:01:07,320 fossils holding secrets of the chemical 39 00:01:07,320 --> 00:01:12,660 fossils holding secrets of the chemical makeup of the solar system's birth 40 00:01:12,660 --> 00:01:12,670 41 00:01:12,670 --> 00:01:15,749 life itself is found only on earth but 42 00:01:15,749 --> 00:01:15,759 life itself is found only on earth but 43 00:01:15,759 --> 00:01:17,969 life itself is found only on earth but clues to its origins may be found in the 44 00:01:17,969 --> 00:01:17,979 clues to its origins may be found in the 45 00:01:17,979 --> 00:01:20,100 clues to its origins may be found in the distant reaches of giant planets moons 46 00:01:20,100 --> 00:01:20,110 distant reaches of giant planets moons 47 00:01:20,110 --> 00:01:23,609 distant reaches of giant planets moons and comets the NASA missions to the 48 00:01:23,609 --> 00:01:23,619 and comets the NASA missions to the 49 00:01:23,619 --> 00:01:25,710 and comets the NASA missions to the outer solar system are named comic 50 00:01:25,710 --> 00:01:25,720 outer solar system are named comic 51 00:01:25,720 --> 00:01:29,160 outer solar system are named comic rendezvous asteroid flyby or craft and 52 00:01:29,160 --> 00:01:29,170 rendezvous asteroid flyby or craft and 53 00:01:29,170 --> 00:01:32,670 rendezvous asteroid flyby or craft and Cassini craft and Cassini are the first 54 00:01:32,670 --> 00:01:32,680 Cassini craft and Cassini are the first 55 00:01:32,680 --> 00:01:35,730 Cassini craft and Cassini are the first missions in Mariner mark to a new series 56 00:01:35,730 --> 00:01:35,740 missions in Mariner mark to a new series 57 00:01:35,740 --> 00:01:37,920 missions in Mariner mark to a new series of spacecraft being designed to explore 58 00:01:37,920 --> 00:01:37,930 of spacecraft being designed to explore 59 00:01:37,930 --> 00:01:41,609 of spacecraft being designed to explore the outer solar system dr. Tobias Owen 60 00:01:41,609 --> 00:01:41,619 the outer solar system dr. Tobias Owen 61 00:01:41,619 --> 00:01:44,300 the outer solar system dr. Tobias Owen of the state university of new york the 62 00:01:44,300 --> 00:01:44,310 of the state university of new york the 63 00:01:44,310 --> 00:01:46,919 of the state university of new york the inner planets are small they've been 64 00:01:46,919 --> 00:01:46,929 inner planets are small they've been 65 00:01:46,929 --> 00:01:49,380 inner planets are small they've been heavily bombarded reworked from within 66 00:01:49,380 --> 00:01:49,390 heavily bombarded reworked from within 67 00:01:49,390 --> 00:01:51,660 heavily bombarded reworked from within that early history is more or less gone 68 00:01:51,660 --> 00:01:51,670 that early history is more or less gone 69 00:01:51,670 --> 00:01:54,149 that early history is more or less gone it's been very very changed with time 70 00:01:54,149 --> 00:01:54,159 it's been very very changed with time 71 00:01:54,159 --> 00:01:56,309 it's been very very changed with time but in the outer solar system the low 72 00:01:56,309 --> 00:01:56,319 but in the outer solar system the low 73 00:01:56,319 --> 00:01:58,710 but in the outer solar system the low temperature out there has preserved the 74 00:01:58,710 --> 00:01:58,720 temperature out there has preserved the 75 00:01:58,720 --> 00:02:01,889 temperature out there has preserved the chemistry in a primitive state from the 76 00:02:01,889 --> 00:02:01,899 chemistry in a primitive state from the 77 00:02:01,899 --> 00:02:04,980 chemistry in a primitive state from the time the solar system formed comets took 78 00:02:04,980 --> 00:02:04,990 time the solar system formed comets took 79 00:02:04,990 --> 00:02:08,900 time the solar system formed comets took shape billions of miles from the Sun 80 00:02:08,900 --> 00:02:08,910 81 00:02:08,910 --> 00:02:11,220 they are likely composed of the same 82 00:02:11,220 --> 00:02:11,230 they are likely composed of the same 83 00:02:11,230 --> 00:02:13,470 they are likely composed of the same primitive chemicals as the ancient 84 00:02:13,470 --> 00:02:13,480 primitive chemicals as the ancient 85 00:02:13,480 --> 00:02:15,960 primitive chemicals as the ancient nebula of gas and dust that formed the 86 00:02:15,960 --> 00:02:15,970 nebula of gas and dust that formed the 87 00:02:15,970 --> 00:02:21,090 nebula of gas and dust that formed the Sun and solar system 1986 a fleet of 88 00:02:21,090 --> 00:02:21,100 Sun and solar system 1986 a fleet of 89 00:02:21,100 --> 00:02:23,160 Sun and solar system 1986 a fleet of international spacecraft track Halley's 90 00:02:23,160 --> 00:02:23,170 international spacecraft track Halley's 91 00:02:23,170 --> 00:02:25,949 international spacecraft track Halley's Comet and reveal a snowball of dust and 92 00:02:25,949 --> 00:02:25,959 Comet and reveal a snowball of dust and 93 00:02:25,959 --> 00:02:30,900 Comet and reveal a snowball of dust and ice and the hint of organic compounds in 94 00:02:30,900 --> 00:02:30,910 ice and the hint of organic compounds in 95 00:02:30,910 --> 00:02:33,900 ice and the hint of organic compounds in 1995 craft will be launched to a typical 96 00:02:33,900 --> 00:02:33,910 1995 craft will be launched to a typical 97 00:02:33,910 --> 00:02:38,130 1995 craft will be launched to a typical comet named cough on its outward flight 98 00:02:38,130 --> 00:02:38,140 comet named cough on its outward flight 99 00:02:38,140 --> 00:02:40,289 comet named cough on its outward flight the spacecraft first investigates an 100 00:02:40,289 --> 00:02:40,299 the spacecraft first investigates an 101 00:02:40,299 --> 00:02:43,890 the spacecraft first investigates an asteroid 102 00:02:43,890 --> 00:02:43,900 103 00:02:43,900 --> 00:02:47,020 in August 2000 it reaches its 104 00:02:47,020 --> 00:02:47,030 in August 2000 it reaches its 105 00:02:47,030 --> 00:02:49,750 in August 2000 it reaches its destination as craft travels alongside 106 00:02:49,750 --> 00:02:49,760 destination as craft travels alongside 107 00:02:49,760 --> 00:02:52,240 destination as craft travels alongside the comet it fires a penetrator lander 108 00:02:52,240 --> 00:02:52,250 the comet it fires a penetrator lander 109 00:02:52,250 --> 00:02:53,860 the comet it fires a penetrator lander equipped with a laboratory of 110 00:02:53,860 --> 00:02:53,870 equipped with a laboratory of 111 00:02:53,870 --> 00:03:06,290 equipped with a laboratory of instruments 112 00:03:06,290 --> 00:03:06,300 113 00:03:06,300 --> 00:03:09,120 these instruments will directly sample 114 00:03:09,120 --> 00:03:09,130 these instruments will directly sample 115 00:03:09,130 --> 00:03:11,250 these instruments will directly sample chemicals that could be relics of an era 116 00:03:11,250 --> 00:03:11,260 chemicals that could be relics of an era 117 00:03:11,260 --> 00:03:14,030 chemicals that could be relics of an era billions of years old 118 00:03:14,030 --> 00:03:14,040 billions of years old 119 00:03:14,040 --> 00:03:16,800 billions of years old comets must have impacted the earth with 120 00:03:16,800 --> 00:03:16,810 comets must have impacted the earth with 121 00:03:16,810 --> 00:03:19,410 comets must have impacted the earth with considerable frequency shortly after the 122 00:03:19,410 --> 00:03:19,420 considerable frequency shortly after the 123 00:03:19,420 --> 00:03:22,740 considerable frequency shortly after the planet itself was formed so the Comets 124 00:03:22,740 --> 00:03:22,750 planet itself was formed so the Comets 125 00:03:22,750 --> 00:03:25,980 planet itself was formed so the Comets were bringing in this rich mixture of 126 00:03:25,980 --> 00:03:25,990 were bringing in this rich mixture of 127 00:03:25,990 --> 00:03:27,570 were bringing in this rich mixture of organic material which would have been 128 00:03:27,570 --> 00:03:27,580 organic material which would have been 129 00:03:27,580 --> 00:03:29,610 organic material which would have been available to give life a sort of 130 00:03:29,610 --> 00:03:29,620 available to give life a sort of 131 00:03:29,620 --> 00:03:31,470 available to give life a sort of headstart the chemical reactions for 132 00:03:31,470 --> 00:03:31,480 headstart the chemical reactions for 133 00:03:31,480 --> 00:03:33,870 headstart the chemical reactions for life ahead start as we proceed down the 134 00:03:33,870 --> 00:03:33,880 life ahead start as we proceed down the 135 00:03:33,880 --> 00:03:36,030 life ahead start as we proceed down the path towards increasing complexity and 136 00:03:36,030 --> 00:03:36,040 path towards increasing complexity and 137 00:03:36,040 --> 00:03:38,850 path towards increasing complexity and ultimately to life itself so we want to 138 00:03:38,850 --> 00:03:38,860 ultimately to life itself so we want to 139 00:03:38,860 --> 00:03:43,470 ultimately to life itself so we want to know what are those compounds what are 140 00:03:43,470 --> 00:03:43,480 know what are those compounds what are 141 00:03:43,480 --> 00:03:45,270 know what are those compounds what are the chemical missing links in Earth's 142 00:03:45,270 --> 00:03:45,280 the chemical missing links in Earth's 143 00:03:45,280 --> 00:03:48,900 the chemical missing links in Earth's past while crafts studies the comet for 144 00:03:48,900 --> 00:03:48,910 past while crafts studies the comet for 145 00:03:48,910 --> 00:03:49,530 past while crafts studies the comet for three years 146 00:03:49,530 --> 00:03:49,540 three years 147 00:03:49,540 --> 00:04:10,180 three years Cassini search will take it to Saturn 148 00:04:10,180 --> 00:04:10,190 149 00:04:10,190 --> 00:04:12,890 Cassini is an international mission that 150 00:04:12,890 --> 00:04:12,900 Cassini is an international mission that 151 00:04:12,900 --> 00:04:15,080 Cassini is an international mission that teams an orbiter spacecraft built by 152 00:04:15,080 --> 00:04:15,090 teams an orbiter spacecraft built by 153 00:04:15,090 --> 00:04:19,879 teams an orbiter spacecraft built by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and a 154 00:04:19,879 --> 00:04:19,889 NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and a 155 00:04:19,889 --> 00:04:21,830 NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and a probe provided by the European Space 156 00:04:21,830 --> 00:04:21,840 probe provided by the European Space 157 00:04:21,840 --> 00:04:26,240 probe provided by the European Space Agency ISA Cassini was named for the 158 00:04:26,240 --> 00:04:26,250 Agency ISA Cassini was named for the 159 00:04:26,250 --> 00:04:28,640 Agency ISA Cassini was named for the 17th century astronomer John Dominique 160 00:04:28,640 --> 00:04:28,650 17th century astronomer John Dominique 161 00:04:28,650 --> 00:04:33,530 17th century astronomer John Dominique Cassini here in the Paris observatory he 162 00:04:33,530 --> 00:04:33,540 Cassini here in the Paris observatory he 163 00:04:33,540 --> 00:04:35,690 Cassini here in the Paris observatory he discovered four of Saturn's moons and 164 00:04:35,690 --> 00:04:35,700 discovered four of Saturn's moons and 165 00:04:35,700 --> 00:04:39,440 discovered four of Saturn's moons and the division in Saturn's rings dr. 166 00:04:39,440 --> 00:04:39,450 the division in Saturn's rings dr. 167 00:04:39,450 --> 00:04:41,900 the division in Saturn's rings dr. Danielle Gautier is the chief scientist 168 00:04:41,900 --> 00:04:41,910 Danielle Gautier is the chief scientist 169 00:04:41,910 --> 00:04:47,690 Danielle Gautier is the chief scientist for the Titan probe but louis xiv invite 170 00:04:47,690 --> 00:04:47,700 for the Titan probe but louis xiv invite 171 00:04:47,700 --> 00:04:50,210 for the Titan probe but louis xiv invite him to come here and he discover all 172 00:04:50,210 --> 00:04:50,220 him to come here and he discover all 173 00:04:50,220 --> 00:04:53,600 him to come here and he discover all four satellites of Saturn yeah you can 174 00:04:53,600 --> 00:04:53,610 four satellites of Saturn yeah you can 175 00:04:53,610 --> 00:04:57,080 four satellites of Saturn yeah you can see the notes by Cassini where he put 176 00:04:57,080 --> 00:04:57,090 see the notes by Cassini where he put 177 00:04:57,090 --> 00:05:02,570 see the notes by Cassini where he put discoveries the spacecraft Cassini will 178 00:05:02,570 --> 00:05:02,580 discoveries the spacecraft Cassini will 179 00:05:02,580 --> 00:05:04,490 discoveries the spacecraft Cassini will orbit Saturn for at least three years 180 00:05:04,490 --> 00:05:04,500 orbit Saturn for at least three years 181 00:05:04,500 --> 00:05:07,190 orbit Saturn for at least three years giving scientists an extended look at 182 00:05:07,190 --> 00:05:07,200 giving scientists an extended look at 183 00:05:07,200 --> 00:05:09,080 giving scientists an extended look at the ringed planet and its elaborate 184 00:05:09,080 --> 00:05:09,090 the ringed planet and its elaborate 185 00:05:09,090 --> 00:05:12,080 the ringed planet and its elaborate system of moons the most tantalizing of 186 00:05:12,080 --> 00:05:12,090 system of moons the most tantalizing of 187 00:05:12,090 --> 00:05:14,440 system of moons the most tantalizing of those moons is Saturn's largest Titan 188 00:05:14,440 --> 00:05:14,450 those moons is Saturn's largest Titan 189 00:05:14,450 --> 00:05:16,790 those moons is Saturn's largest Titan Titan is larger than the planet Mercury 190 00:05:16,790 --> 00:05:16,800 Titan is larger than the planet Mercury 191 00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:18,980 Titan is larger than the planet Mercury and is the only moon with a major 192 00:05:18,980 --> 00:05:18,990 and is the only moon with a major 193 00:05:18,990 --> 00:05:23,000 and is the only moon with a major atmosphere in 2002 Cassini will launch 194 00:05:23,000 --> 00:05:23,010 atmosphere in 2002 Cassini will launch 195 00:05:23,010 --> 00:05:25,250 atmosphere in 2002 Cassini will launch its european-built probe to descend to 196 00:05:25,250 --> 00:05:25,260 its european-built probe to descend to 197 00:05:25,260 --> 00:05:41,940 its european-built probe to descend to Titan 198 00:05:41,940 --> 00:05:41,950 199 00:05:41,950 --> 00:05:44,790 the most important I think the most 200 00:05:44,790 --> 00:05:44,800 the most important I think the most 201 00:05:44,800 --> 00:05:48,900 the most important I think the most important project of the title pub will 202 00:05:48,900 --> 00:05:48,910 important project of the title pub will 203 00:05:48,910 --> 00:05:53,310 important project of the title pub will be the measurement of complex molecules 204 00:05:53,310 --> 00:05:53,320 be the measurement of complex molecules 205 00:05:53,320 --> 00:05:56,040 be the measurement of complex molecules which are expected to be present in the 206 00:05:56,040 --> 00:05:56,050 which are expected to be present in the 207 00:05:56,050 --> 00:05:59,310 which are expected to be present in the upper atmosphere Titan including the 208 00:05:59,310 --> 00:05:59,320 upper atmosphere Titan including the 209 00:05:59,320 --> 00:06:02,850 upper atmosphere Titan including the organic molecules which has used to 210 00:06:02,850 --> 00:06:02,860 organic molecules which has used to 211 00:06:02,860 --> 00:06:06,180 organic molecules which has used to build life we don't believe that the 212 00:06:06,180 --> 00:06:06,190 build life we don't believe that the 213 00:06:06,190 --> 00:06:08,130 build life we don't believe that the life exists on Titan because it's of 214 00:06:08,130 --> 00:06:08,140 life exists on Titan because it's of 215 00:06:08,140 --> 00:06:10,740 life exists on Titan because it's of course but obviously there is a complex 216 00:06:10,740 --> 00:06:10,750 course but obviously there is a complex 217 00:06:10,750 --> 00:06:13,470 course but obviously there is a complex chemistry detailed measurements will be 218 00:06:13,470 --> 00:06:13,480 chemistry detailed measurements will be 219 00:06:13,480 --> 00:06:15,060 chemistry detailed measurements will be made of the thick nitrogen methane 220 00:06:15,060 --> 00:06:15,070 made of the thick nitrogen methane 221 00:06:15,070 --> 00:06:17,730 made of the thick nitrogen methane atmosphere believed to contain the 222 00:06:17,730 --> 00:06:17,740 atmosphere believed to contain the 223 00:06:17,740 --> 00:06:19,950 atmosphere believed to contain the chemical precursors to a life supporting 224 00:06:19,950 --> 00:06:19,960 chemical precursors to a life supporting 225 00:06:19,960 --> 00:06:22,620 chemical precursors to a life supporting environment huge lakes of liquid methane 226 00:06:22,620 --> 00:06:22,630 environment huge lakes of liquid methane 227 00:06:22,630 --> 00:06:26,070 environment huge lakes of liquid methane and ethane may exist on Titan the probe 228 00:06:26,070 --> 00:06:26,080 and ethane may exist on Titan the probe 229 00:06:26,080 --> 00:06:27,810 and ethane may exist on Titan the probe will analyze compounds on the surface 230 00:06:27,810 --> 00:06:27,820 will analyze compounds on the surface 231 00:06:27,820 --> 00:06:30,390 will analyze compounds on the surface and relay the information back to the 232 00:06:30,390 --> 00:06:30,400 and relay the information back to the 233 00:06:30,400 --> 00:06:36,690 and relay the information back to the orbiting spacecraft Titan has an 234 00:06:36,690 --> 00:06:36,700 orbiting spacecraft Titan has an 235 00:06:36,700 --> 00:06:39,710 orbiting spacecraft Titan has an atmosphere that is denser than our own 236 00:06:39,710 --> 00:06:39,720 atmosphere that is denser than our own 237 00:06:39,720 --> 00:06:42,570 atmosphere that is denser than our own consisting primarily of nitrogen but 238 00:06:42,570 --> 00:06:42,580 consisting primarily of nitrogen but 239 00:06:42,580 --> 00:06:46,050 consisting primarily of nitrogen but with a lot of carbon rich compounds as 240 00:06:46,050 --> 00:06:46,060 with a lot of carbon rich compounds as 241 00:06:46,060 --> 00:06:49,140 with a lot of carbon rich compounds as well now what's fascinating about that 242 00:06:49,140 --> 00:06:49,150 well now what's fascinating about that 243 00:06:49,150 --> 00:06:51,690 well now what's fascinating about that atmosphere for us is that it allows us 244 00:06:51,690 --> 00:06:51,700 atmosphere for us is that it allows us 245 00:06:51,700 --> 00:06:54,390 atmosphere for us is that it allows us to do a kind of cosmic time traveled as 246 00:06:54,390 --> 00:06:54,400 to do a kind of cosmic time traveled as 247 00:06:54,400 --> 00:06:57,180 to do a kind of cosmic time traveled as if we could go back in time and see what 248 00:06:57,180 --> 00:06:57,190 if we could go back in time and see what 249 00:06:57,190 --> 00:06:59,550 if we could go back in time and see what the earth was like shortly after it 250 00:06:59,550 --> 00:06:59,560 the earth was like shortly after it 251 00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:02,550 the earth was like shortly after it formed because Titan being at such a low 252 00:07:02,550 --> 00:07:02,560 formed because Titan being at such a low 253 00:07:02,560 --> 00:07:04,980 formed because Titan being at such a low temperature has preserved those original 254 00:07:04,980 --> 00:07:04,990 temperature has preserved those original 255 00:07:04,990 --> 00:07:07,620 temperature has preserved those original conditions so the kinds of chemical 256 00:07:07,620 --> 00:07:07,630 conditions so the kinds of chemical 257 00:07:07,630 --> 00:07:09,480 conditions so the kinds of chemical reactions taking place in Titan's 258 00:07:09,480 --> 00:07:09,490 reactions taking place in Titan's 259 00:07:09,490 --> 00:07:12,630 reactions taking place in Titan's atmosphere today we think resemble the 260 00:07:12,630 --> 00:07:12,640 atmosphere today we think resemble the 261 00:07:12,640 --> 00:07:14,220 atmosphere today we think resemble the kinds of things that happened on the 262 00:07:14,220 --> 00:07:14,230 kinds of things that happened on the 263 00:07:14,230 --> 00:07:16,530 kinds of things that happened on the very early earth which ultimately led to 264 00:07:16,530 --> 00:07:16,540 very early earth which ultimately led to 265 00:07:16,540 --> 00:07:19,920 very early earth which ultimately led to the formation of life here raff and 266 00:07:19,920 --> 00:07:19,930 the formation of life here raff and 267 00:07:19,930 --> 00:07:22,350 the formation of life here raff and Cassini are a new series of spacecraft 268 00:07:22,350 --> 00:07:22,360 Cassini are a new series of spacecraft 269 00:07:22,360 --> 00:07:23,550 Cassini are a new series of spacecraft being designed at the Jet Propulsion 270 00:07:23,550 --> 00:07:23,560 being designed at the Jet Propulsion 271 00:07:23,560 --> 00:07:26,820 being designed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to explore the outer solar 272 00:07:26,820 --> 00:07:26,830 Laboratory to explore the outer solar 273 00:07:26,830 --> 00:07:30,120 Laboratory to explore the outer solar system the spacecraft to be launched on 274 00:07:30,120 --> 00:07:30,130 system the spacecraft to be launched on 275 00:07:30,130 --> 00:07:32,250 system the spacecraft to be launched on expendable rockets streamlined design 276 00:07:32,250 --> 00:07:32,260 expendable rockets streamlined design 277 00:07:32,260 --> 00:07:36,589 expendable rockets streamlined design and operations to save costs 278 00:07:36,589 --> 00:07:36,599 and operations to save costs 279 00:07:36,599 --> 00:07:39,120 and operations to save costs what we're trying to do with these two 280 00:07:39,120 --> 00:07:39,130 what we're trying to do with these two 281 00:07:39,130 --> 00:07:42,420 what we're trying to do with these two spacecraft is to gain information about 282 00:07:42,420 --> 00:07:42,430 spacecraft is to gain information about 283 00:07:42,430 --> 00:07:45,059 spacecraft is to gain information about two of the biggest questions that people 284 00:07:45,059 --> 00:07:45,069 two of the biggest questions that people 285 00:07:45,069 --> 00:07:48,180 two of the biggest questions that people have ever asked themselves one is where 286 00:07:48,180 --> 00:07:48,190 have ever asked themselves one is where 287 00:07:48,190 --> 00:07:50,100 have ever asked themselves one is where did the solar system come from the 288 00:07:50,100 --> 00:07:50,110 did the solar system come from the 289 00:07:50,110 --> 00:07:51,870 did the solar system come from the second is where did we come from how did 290 00:07:51,870 --> 00:07:51,880 second is where did we come from how did 291 00:07:51,880 --> 00:07:56,670 second is where did we come from how did life on earth begin time has obliterated 292 00:07:56,670 --> 00:07:56,680 life on earth begin time has obliterated 293 00:07:56,680 --> 00:07:58,980 life on earth begin time has obliterated remnants of the past the celestial past 294 00:07:58,980 --> 00:07:58,990 remnants of the past the celestial past 295 00:07:58,990 --> 00:08:02,070 remnants of the past the celestial past on our planet by exploring comets 296 00:08:02,070 --> 00:08:02,080 on our planet by exploring comets 297 00:08:02,080 --> 00:08:04,860 on our planet by exploring comets asteroids Saturn and its moons we are 298 00:08:04,860 --> 00:08:04,870 asteroids Saturn and its moons we are 299 00:08:04,870 --> 00:08:06,390 asteroids Saturn and its moons we are looking backwards in time 300 00:08:06,390 --> 00:08:06,400 looking backwards in time 301 00:08:06,400 --> 00:08:09,029 looking backwards in time the astronomical equivalent of being the 302 00:08:09,029 --> 00:08:09,039 the astronomical equivalent of being the 303 00:08:09,039 --> 00:08:11,850 the astronomical equivalent of being the first to open an ancient vault it is an 304 00:08:11,850 --> 00:08:11,860 first to open an ancient vault it is an 305 00:08:11,860 --> 00:08:13,890 first to open an ancient vault it is an inquiry that may lead us back to our 306 00:08:13,890 --> 00:08:13,900 inquiry that may lead us back to our 307 00:08:13,900 --> 00:08:37,690 inquiry that may lead us back to our distant beginnings 308 00:08:37,690 --> 00:08:37,700 309 00:08:37,700 --> 00:08:39,760 you